法学论文/邵胤植
自由仿效与立法厘清：欧美商业外观新近判例之思路
Free Copying and Legal Clarification:
The Latest Trend of the Anglo-American Case Laws on Trade Dress
邵 胤植
邵胤植，男，江苏宜兴人，南京大学法学士，英国伦敦大学知识产权硕士，博士在读，全英中国法学会(United Kingdom Chinese Law Association)会员。主要研究兴趣为： WTO及网络架构下知识产权法的调适，欧美商标立法，民族复兴中儒学与宪政法治之互动，礼乐雅文化的现代苏醒，宗教立法，佛教改革之范式及其对道德提振的功用等。
[关键词] ：商业外观 产品构造 显著性 第二含义 功能性
[简介] 商业外观与商标法的关系，日显重要。本文自商标法根本功能之角度，讨论显著性原则与非功能性原则对于决定商业外观注册之重要性。本文由欧美新近相关判例之思路指出，推动自由竞争是知识产权的总纲，而标示来源，则是商标法内的子纲。换言之，应将商标法放诸自由竞争与反垄断的大背景下考量，此当是近年欧美商业外观判例的主旨。
Introduction: This Essay jointly analyses the latest Anglo-American trademark cases of trade dress where the strict criteria of distinctiveness, secondary meaning and non-functionality are applied so as to balance different interests in trademark context and to solve the problem of overlap. This Essay suggests that to meet the balance, the Indication Theory and the Competition Theory, in general, have been equivalently followed by the courts in Wal-Mart, Traffix and Phillips. This Essay also suggests that competition theory should be the premise of indication theory because the promotion of free competition is the general principle of IP laws and the indication of sources is a tenet of trademark law, a part of IP laws. This logic may justify the rationality of the three cases decided by Anglo-American courts, i.e. limiting the exclusive rights of trademark owners and promoting free competition.
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