WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism(2)/刘成伟(2)
(i)Measures short of Legally Binding Obligations
(ii)Measures Falling under Other Provisions of the GATT 1994
(iii)Measures Concerning the Protection of Human Health
(iv)Measures Continuingly Applied
III Existence of a Benefit: Protection of Legitimate Expectations
(i)Protection of Legitimate Expectations(PLE)
(ii)Non-foreseeability of Measures at Issue
(iii)Benefits in the Negotiations
(iv)Benefits under Successive Rounds
IV Nullification or Impairment of Benefit: Causality
V Summary and Conclusions
Section One
Right to Pursue a Proceeding under the WTO
I The Concept of Nullification or Impairment
Nullification or impairment is a most important concept developed in previous GATT dispute settlement system. It is incorporated into the GATT 1994 by the so-called incorporation clause (paragraph 1 of the GATT 1994) and goes on to operate as an important feature of the DSU under the WTO. Dispute settlement mechanism under the WTO continues to revolve around the concept of nullification or impairment. Art. 3.1 of the DSU requires Members to “affirm their adherence to the principles for the management of disputes heretofore applied under Articles XXII and XXIII of GATT 1947”.