论情势变更制度的适用要件/王德山
论情势变更制度的适用要件
王德山
内容提要:适用情势变更制度必须具备一定的要件。在判定是否可以适用情势变更制度时不能仅仅以显失公平作为唯一依据,还应将“合同目的不能实现、合同不能履行”两种情形作为判定的依据之一。认定“显失公平”应当通过经济成本核算,以当事人是否遭受较大亏损作为基本认定依据。情势变更与商业风险应述种属关系,情势变更实为商业风险的情形之一,二者不存在所谓的区别,若发生情势变更而依法不能适应情势变更制度的,可称之为“风险自负”或“风险自担”。
关键词:情势变更,情势变更制度,适用要件
Studies on Applicable Condition of the Situation-changed System
Wang de_shan Shen min rong
(Law Department, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, 100070, China)
Abstract: The situation-changed system has its applicable condition. Beyond distinct un-justice, purpose-lost and unfulfillable contract are bases in determining whether the situation-changed system is applied. The method of costing should be used in judging distinct un-justice. The changed-situation is one of commercial risks. The changed-situation which cannot be applied in the situation-changed system is calling self-burdening risk.
Key words: the changed-situation; The situation-changed system; legal application
一、要件概述
合同订立后发生情势变更,当事人主张使用情势变更制度予以救济,应当具备两大基本要件:第一,须有情势变更的客观事实;第二,情势变更致合同履行显失公平、或合同目的不能实现、或合同不能履行。两大条件同时具备,当事人可以寻求情势变更制度的法律救济。对前一要件所涉及的问题理论上基本不存在争议,本文不作论述。但后一要件目前并未得到较好解决,甚至存在很大的误解。
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