美国洪水保险法律制度研究/任自力(12)
注释:
{1}统计资料显示,洪水是美国最严重和最常见的自然灾害,其受洪水威胁的面积约占国土面积的7%,影响人口3000万以上,约占总人口的10%,其1/6的城市处在百年一遇的洪泛平原内,2万个社区易受洪灾。在美国发生的重大自然灾害中,90%与洪水有关。参见姜付仁、向立云、刘树坤:“美国防洪政策演变”,《自然灾害学报》2000年第3期;Richard J. Tobin&Corinne Calfee, The National Flood Insurance Program’s Mandatory Purchase Requirement: Policies, Processes, and Stakeholders-Evaluation of the National Flood Insurance Program 1(Mar. 2005),http://www. fema. gov/pdf/nfip/mandpurch 0305. pdf。
{2}See U. S. Govt Accountability Office[GAO],National Flood Insurance Program : Greater Transparency and Oversight of Wind and Flood Damage Determinations are Needed 9 (2007),available at http://www. gao. gov/new. items/d0828. pdf.
{3}See Federal Flood Insurance Act, Pub. L. No. 1016,70 Stat. 1078(1956)(codified at 42 U. S. C. S. E2401-13;repealed 1968).
{4}See Saul Jay Singer, Flooding the Fifth Amendment: The National Flood Insurance Program and the “Takings” Clause, 17 B. C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 335~336(1990).
{5}Ibid.
{6}See 42 U. S. C § 4001(d)-(e) (2000)(declaring the purposes of national flood insurance).
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