简明反垄断法法英文指南/赵庆庆译(16)
纵然，在市场上拥有垄断地位本身并不违法。但反托拉斯法却认定通过将其它竞争者排除与市场之外或显著地损害他们的竞争能力等战略性手段维持或谋取垄断地位的行为是非法的。单个公司可能因其单方面行为而违反反托拉斯法的规定；同样，纵多的企业则可因他们垄断市场合作行为而违法。
A common complaint is that some companies try to monopolize a market through "predatory" or below-cost pricing. This can drive out smaller firms that cannot compete at those prices. But the lower prices a large retailer offers may simply reflect efficiencies from spreading overhead costs over a larger volume of sales. Because the antitrust laws encourage competition that leads to low prices, courts and antitrust authorities challenge predatory activities only when they will lead to higher prices.
一种常见的申诉是一些公司通过掠夺性定价或倾销价企图垄断市场。这可以挤出那些无力在此价格下进行竞争的小公司。但是纵多零售商提供的的低价可能仅仅是反映出因大规模销售而分散成本的功效。由于反托拉斯法是鼓励因竞争而产生低价格的，所以法院和反托拉斯当局只对引起高价的掠夺性定价行为进行规制。
While the FTC has not found predatory pricing violations in recent years, it examines potential violations very carefully and maintains a close watch for other kinds of tactics -- like raising competitors’ costs -- that may disadvantage rivals.
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