简明反垄断法法英文指南/赵庆庆译(21)
在横向合并中，市场竞争者可获得的是提高市场的集中程度及增加串谋的可能性。消除两家处于市场中领导地位的公司间势均力敌的竞争可能导致单方面的反竞争效应。
Witness the recent attempt by Staples, Inc., one "superstore" retailer of office supplies, to acquire Office Depot, another giant retailer of office supplies. In many areas of the country, the merger would have reduced the number of superstore competitors, often leaving Staples as the only superstore in the area. Evidence from the companies’ pricing data showed that Staples would have been able to keep prices up to 13 percent higher after the merger than without the merger. The FTC blocked the merger, saving consumers an estimated $1.1 billion over five years.
有证据表明，办公用品零售业巨头Staples公司近来试图与另一同领域巨人Office Depot公司合并。该合并案将在整个国家的多数地区减少同领域竞争者的数量，使得Staples公司公司成为本地区唯一的经营办公用品的超级市场。有关来自于公司定价数据的证据表明，合并后Staples公司可以将市场价格提高13％。联邦贸易委员会阻止了此合并案，在过去的五年中为消费者大约节省了11亿元的费用。
Vertical mergers
纵向合并
Vertical mergers involve firms in a buyer-seller relationship -- a manufacturer merging with a supplier of component products, or a manufacturer merging with a distributor of its products. A vertical merger can harm competition by making it difficult for competitors to gain access to an important component product or to an important channel of distribution. This is called a "vertical foreclosure" or "bottleneck" problem.
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