简明反垄断法法英文指南/赵庆庆译(26)
问：本地区的加油站在同一时间将油价统一提高了相同的幅度，这是否属限价行为呢？
答：同时发生的价格同步上涨可能是市场主体限价的结果，但也可能是由于各市场主体对市场形势的变化做出的各自独立的商业反应。例如，国际石油市场环境的变化可能导致原油价格的上涨，这亦会引发连锁反应。当地的加油站可能会对批发价格的变化做出相应的反应以弥补其经营成本的提高。但是，若有证据表明加油站的经营者对有关提价事项进行了协商并达成一致，这可能就违反了反托拉斯法的规定。
Q: Shopping for a stereo loudspeaker made by Sound Corporation, I couldn’t find a dealer who would sell it for less than the manufacturer’s suggested retail price. Isn’t that price-fixing?
A: The key is evidence of an agreement. If the manufacturer and a dealer entered into an agreement on a resale price or minimum price, that would be a price-fixing violation. The agreement could be formal, through a contract, or informal, when the dealer’s compliance is coerced. However, if the manufacturer has established a policy that its dealers should not sell below a minimum price level, and the dealers have independently decided to follow that policy, there is no violation.
问：在购买Sound公司生产的立体声音响时，我找不到任何一家愿以低于制造商建议零售价格销售的代理商，这是否构成限价呢？
答：此问题的核心在于有无协定的证据，如果制造商和代理商对转售价格或最低价格达成了一个协定，那么这就是一种违法的限价行为。这种协定可能是以合同的形式正式鉴定的，当代理商们对这种协定价格的服从是被强制的时候，协定也可能是非正式的。但是，制造商即便是制订了代理商不得在低于最低价格的水平上销售的政策，只要代理商仍可自主地决定自己是否贯彻这种政策时，这种限价便是合法的。
总共37页
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