简明反垄断法法英文指南/赵庆庆译(3)
--The Supreme Court, United States v. Topco Associates,
Inc. 1972
“《反托拉斯法》-------在自由的企业制度中是位受欢迎者。其之于维持经济自由和我们自由的企业制度的重要性就像《人权法案》之于保护我们基本的人身自由的重要性那样.”
最高法院 United States v. Topco Associates Inc. 1972
An Antitrust Primer
反托拉斯入门
The antitrust laws describe unlawful practices in general terms, leaving it to the courts to decide what specific practices are illegal based on the facts and circumstances of each case.
反托拉斯法只是在总体上描述了一些非法的实践，而让各法院根据每个案件的事实和背景去确定其具体的违法行为。
 Section 1 of the Sherman Act outlaws "every contract, combination . . . , or conspiracy, in restraint of trade," but long ago, the Supreme Court decided that the Sherman Act prohibits only those contracts or agreements that restrain trade unreasonably. What kinds of agreements are unreasonable is up to the courts.
 《谢尔曼法》第一条宣布 “关于限制贸易的任何契约、合并、串谋”均为非法。但许久以前最高法院认为《谢尔曼法》禁止的只是那些不合理限制贸易的契约或协定。但具体哪一种协定是不合理的则由法院来确认。
 Section 2 of the Sherman Act makes it unlawful for a company to "monopolize, or attempt to monopolize," trade or commerce. As that law has been interpreted, it is not necessarily illegal for a company to have a monopoly or to try to achieve a monopoly position. The law is violated only if the company tries to maintain or acquire a monopoly position through unreasonable methods. For the courts, a key factor in determining what is unreasonable is whether the practice has a legitimate business justification.
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