简明反垄断法法英文指南/赵庆庆译(34)
Some anticompetitive practices -- such as hard-core price fixing -- are prosecuted as criminal violations under the Sherman Act. That’s handled by the Justice Department because it is a function of the Executive Branch of the government. The Justice Department also has sole antitrust jurisdiction over certain matters that are subject to special industry regulation by other agencies, such as the telephone industry and other telecommunications matters, railroads and airlines.
Finally, only the FTC can challenge certain practices that are beyond the reach of the other antitrust laws -- practices that "violate the spirit" but not the exact letter of the other laws.
问：当我在报纸上读到合并、限价或其它有关竞争的问题时，有时候是联邦贸易委员会在负责，有时候却是司法部，那么由谁来确定哪个机构对某一具体案件负责，原因是什么？
答：除了一些特别的例外情形，这两个机构在大部分产业领域拥有反托拉斯司法权。但为了避免重复的调查努力，他们在展开一项调查时通常会事先互相照会。多年来，两个机构已形成各自专业的产业或市场领域。如，联邦贸易委员会将其大部分的反托拉斯资源用于消费者花费较大的经济领域，诸如：卫生保健、医药、其它专业性劳务、食品、能源以及一些像计算机，视频节目、有线电视等高科技的产业。联邦贸易委员会还对保持国防工业领域的竞争负责，以节省纳税人的税赋。
一些反竞争性的行为如such as hard-core price fixing 是可根据《谢尔曼法》的规定提起刑事诉讼的。这些就属于司法部的管辖权之内了，因为这是政府行政部门的一项基本职责。司法部还对一些特定的事项拥有专门的司法管辖权，如电话工业及其它的一些电讯产业、铁路业、航空业等等。
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