试析无权处分的效力/翟鸣飞

试析无权处分的效力/翟鸣飞
试析无权处分的效力
——兼论对《合同法》第五十一条的理解

翟鸣飞

内容提要

无权处分行为的效力目前在我国学术界和实务界有三种学说：无效说、有效说和效力待定说。这三种学说分别建立在不同的物权变动体系下，本文从我国的物权变动模式的选择入手，指出债权形式主义是我国目前已经确认的物权变动模式，从而说明在债权形式主义的物权变动模式下的效力待定说，是符合我国目前法制背景和我国的国情的一种学说。对于《合同法》第51条所确定的无权处分制度，不应当以其尚未完善之处加以否认整个效力待定说，而应当在效力待定说的指导下积极完善我国的无权处分制度。作者将《合同法》第51条的内容理解为：效力待定的无权处分合同，经权利人追认或者无权处分人订立合同后取得处分权，或者在相对人善意且符合善意取得制度适用条件的情况下，成为生效的合同。并在此基础上分析无权处分行为如何与善意取得制度、权利瑕疵担保制度和不当得利制度之间的协调。
关键词：无权处分合同效力物权变动模式债权形式主义善意取得
Abstract
There are three academic theories on the efficiency of unauthorized disposition in our country at present: the theory of validity, the theory of invalidity, and the theory of validity to be decided. These theories are established on different systems of real right changing respectively. The author thinks that the Creditor’s rights pattern has been established in P.R.C. from the viewpoint of the mode of real rights changing, which illuminates the theory of validity to be decided in the Creditor’s rights pattern accords with the jural background and the situation of the P.R.C. The system of unauthorized disposition, which is stipulated in the article 51 of Contract Law, should be actively perfected rather than denying the whole system based on the incomplete article. The author deems that the contract of unauthorized disposition which is probable to be decided will become valid contract action in the condition of obligee admit posthumously, or disposer without right obtains the right after the contract concluded, even or the relative man is goodwill and answer for the condition of bona fide gaining system. The author also analyses how the unauthorized disposition assorts with the bona fide gaining system, the warranting liability for the defects of a donation system, and illegal profits system.

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