美国民事诉讼中证据开示的范围/周成泓(16)
[23]Sprague v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co.,177 F.R.D.78 (D.N.H.1998).contra Thomas v. Consolidated Rail Corp.,169 F.R.D.1(D.Mass.1996)（给出伤员伤情之原因和诊断之意见的内科医生被视为诉讼前被留聘）。
[24] Fed. Civ. Proc .Rule 26(b)(4)(B); Mont. Rules Civ. Proc., Rule 26 (b)(4)(B); N.J. Civ. Prac. Rule 4:10-2(d)(3)。另外，一方当事人可以传召未被任何一方当事人所留聘的专家证人，参见《联邦民事诉讼规则》45（c）（3）（B）（iii）。规定了对未留聘专家的适当保护措施。参见 Report of the Judicial Conference Committee on Rules of Practice and Procedure, Proposed Amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, September 1990 .See generally Maurer, Compelling the Expert Witness: Fairness and Utility Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ,19 Ga. L. Rev. 71(1984); Note, Discovery of Unretained Experts: Creating a Clear and Equitable Standard to Govern Compliance With Subpoenas. 1987 Duke L. J. 140 (1987).
[25]参见Worley v. Massey-Ferguson. Inc. 79 F. R.D. 534 (N.D.Miss.1978).
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