BOT与BT:天使还是怪兽？/黎广军(11)
有资金实力的承包商当然可作为BT项目的投资人，但是，如果自偿性BT项目的还款期不合理地低于同类项目的投资回收期或者公益性BT项目的还款期低于10年，此类项目就违背了BT原则。中央政府应当公布各类公共基础设施项目的平均投资回收期统计数据，颁布指导意见，作出BT方式的官方定义，明确其目的、原则、作用等，而不宜一律禁止BT方式，以至关紧了民间参与公共基础设施投融资的大门。
2003年12月9日，联合国第五十八届会议第72次全体会议关于《私人融资基础设施项目示范立法条文》的58/76号决议称：“大会铭记公私营伙伴关系在改进基础设施和公共服务的提供和良好管理以促进可持续经济和社会发展方面的作用；确认有必要提供一个既鼓励私人投资基础设施又兼顾有关国家的公共利益考虑的有利环境；强调必须以高效、透明的程序审批私人融资基础设施项目；着重指出应当通过提高透明度、公平性和长期可持续性的规则以及消除不合理限制私营部门参与基础设施发展和运营的规则，便利项目的实施。”
注释：
① 见中国金融网专题栏目：http://www.zgjrw.com/zhuanti/pagemain/2005102805.htm
② 国际电联《1996/1997国际电信发展报告》(中译本) 见: http://www.cnii.com.cn/20021111/ca107151.htm
③ 1994年菲律宾BOT法第1条[c]款原文: Build-and-transfer. - A contractual arrangement whereby the project proponent undertakes the financing and construction of a given infrastructure or development facility and after its completion turns it over to the government agency or local government unit concerned, which shall pay the proponent on an agreed schedule its total investments expended on the project, plus a reasonable rate of return thereon. This arrangement may be employed in the construction of any infrastructure or development project, including critical facilities which, for security or strategic reasons, must be operated directly by the Government. 1990年菲律宾BOT法第1条(b)款原文: Build-and-transfer scheme. - A contractual arrangement whereby the contractor undertakes the construction including financing, of a given infrastructure facility, and its turnover after completion to the government agency or local government unit concerned which shall pay the contractor its total investment expended on the project, plus a reasonable rate of return thereon. This arrangement may be employed in the construction of any infrastructure project including critical facilities, which, for security or strategic reasons, must be operated directly by the Government.
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