基本权利限制理论重述/何云笑
基本权利限制理论重述
何云笑
摘要 重述基本权利限制理论之意义就在于对宪法规范和宪政精神有更深之探索与追求。质言之，乃是一种在法律范围内侵害个人权利的行为。表面上显然与宪法保障人民权益背道而驰，然限制基本权利并非践踏人权，而是为更好地保障人权。宪法对基本权利的限制应严格而明确的规定，但如何把握程度与尺度，实非易事。这就促成了当前通说应用的公益限制、法律保留、比例原则等一系列论调。实则，基本权利限制之问题，涉及面远不止于此，基本权利本身就是一个庞杂繁琐的体系，人们对其内涵的理解已有不同，限制基本权利理论关系到个体之间的自身基本权利以及个体与整体（公益）之间的权利法益，之中的具体关联复杂，逐步理清概念、分析内涵、探讨观点，是十分的必要。故重述该理论的关键在于归纳整理其发展过程与实际应用状况，在理清回顾基本权利限制理论后，更重要的是结合中国现有法制之实际，加深中国宪法学对于基本问题的研究，运用到现实法律生活，对促进人权保障及社会进步，有着其独特的意义。
关键词 基本权利； 限制； 公共利益（公益）； 宪法
Iterate basic right limit theory
Abstract Significance of iterating basic rights limit theory lies in to the constitution standard and the constitutionalism spirit has a deeper exploration. Virtually, this is conduct of violating personal rights in the law area. On the surface obviously safeguards the people's rights and interests with the constitution to run counter to, however, limit the basic rights does not mean trampling the human rights, but is for safeguards the human rights well. The constitution to the basic right limit should be strictly and explicitly stipulated, how but grasp the degree and the criterion, is not the easy matter. This facilitated the current logically coherent argument application public welfare limit, the law retained, and the proportion principle and so on a series of views. In fact, the basic right limit question affected area far continues this, basic right itself is a numerous and disorderly troublesome system, people had the difference to its connotation understanding, limits the basic rights theory to relate between the individual between own basic rights as well as individual and the whole right law profit, the concrete connection is complex, gradually clears off the concept, the analysis connotation, the discussion viewpoint, is extremely essential. Therefore the key of iterating this theory lies in the induction to reorganize its developing process and the practical application condition, after clears off the review basic right limit theory, more importantly unifies the Chinese existing legal system the reality, deepens the Chinese constitution study regarding the basic question research, using the realistic legal life, to promotes the human rights safeguard and the society is progressive, has its unique significance.
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